From the perspective of complex systems, the study reveals the universality, specificity, and explanatory power of underlying rules governing urban system evolution. An international team from the ...

Artificial Life (AL) and Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) represent interrelated fields that explore how individual, relatively simple entities – be they digital organisms, autonomous agents or ...

Complex systems such as metabolic pathways, ecosystems, the Internet, or human societies are comprised of large numbers of components that interact according to rules that change over time and that ...