XRD works by directing X-rays onto a crystalline material and analyzing the angles and intensities of the diffracted beams. The atomic planes within the crystal act as a three-dimensional grating, ...

X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a powerful non-destructive analytical technique used to evaluate crystalline materials and determine their structural properties. As one of the most widely used ...

DURING the past decade there have been considerable developments in high voltage electron microscopes and diffraction cameras which work reliably at voltages above 300 kV. These instruments are ...