When you buy through links on our articles, Future and its syndication partners may earn a commission. An illustration of X-rays scattering off the valence electrons surrounding ammonia molecules ...

We describe electricity as a flow, but that’s not what happens in a typical wire. Physicists have begun to induce electrons to act like fluids, an effort that could illuminate new ways of thinking ...

Scientists used an ultrafast X-ray laser to follow the impact of a single electron moving within a molecule during an entire chemical reaction. (Nanowerk News) Valence electrons, located in the ...

Chemists reveal method for differentiating PCET mechanisms -- a key step for steering fundamental energy conversion and redox catalysis processes. Redox reactions form the basis of many fundamental ...