Over the last century, humans have experienced multiple severe viral outbreaks, including the Spanish flu and other influenza epidemics, HIV, SARS-CoV, MERS, Ebola, and the recent SARS-CoV2 pandemic.

What Is Atomic Force Microscopy? Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful technique that enables surface ultrastructure visualization at molecular resolution. 1 Besides three-dimensional (3D) ...

In the realm of nanomechanical techniques, AFM is ideally suited to measuring soft materials because of its sub-nanometer vertical displacement accuracy and piconewton force resolution. One of the ...

Force spectroscopy relies on the precise measurement of forces acting on a probe as it interacts with a sample. The key principles of force spectroscopy include: AFM-based force spectroscopy is the ...

Conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) is a powerful nanoscale characterization technique that combines the high-resolution imaging capabilities of atomic force microscopy (AFM) with the ability ...