The voltage reference sets the limit to the input analog signal that the ADC can resolve. Equation 1 is the ideal transfer function of an ADC where the output code—in decimal form—is computed by the ...

Do we really need another design tool for Sallen-Key filters? Aren’t there enough [i] [ii] [iii] [iv] [v] already? Obviously, you and I think that there’s something more to say on this topic, or you ...

microcontroller into a (more or less) smooth DC voltage. In principle, a typical microcontroller can supply an average voltage range of 0 to 5 V via its PWM pins. But we need to convert the ...

Noise is a common and pervasive problem in electronics design and debug. At one time or another, almost every designer and debugger of electrical circuits will spend some time dealing with ...