Soil moisture measurement is fundamental to understanding hydrological processes, crop water dynamics, and broader environmental monitoring. Recent advancements have driven the development of ...

Sensor manufacturers typically calibrate the devices in the factory to achieve highly accurate outputs, but all sensors experience some offset error once they are in ...

The pH of the culture medium is a critical process parameter in cell culture bioprocesses. To successfully transfer processes between bioprocess systems and sites (i.e., in the course of process ...

Authors first explains the calibration process of sun sensor based on cubic surface fitting. The calibration and testing platform of the sun sensor includes a solar simulation light source, ...

O(p2): The quadratic contribution in pressure refers to the nonlinearity error of the reading which is typically in the range of 0.3% full-scale output. The offset ...

Modern sensors detect a multitude ofreal-world analog attributes—temperature,force, pressure, humidity,flow, and power, just for starters. Inturn, they typically output some levelof voltage, current, ...

Smartphones rely on multiple sensors—such as the accelerometer, gyroscope, compass, and proximity sensor—to power everyday features. From screen rotation and navigation apps to motion tracking and ...

As pressure monitoring systems become more sophisticated, auto-zero calibration is becoming a critical technology for a growing number of applications. Common medical applications that demand high ...