A 10-MHz sinusoidal carrier wave of amplitude 10 mV is modulated by a 5-kHz sinusoidal audio signal wave of amplitude 6 mV. Find (a) the frequency components of the resultant modulated wave and (b) ...

The key parameters of the FSS technique and their impact on EMI performance. How to evaluate FSS performance using simulation, ICs, and a signal generator. Frequency spread spectrum (FSS) is a ...

Lock-in amplifiers were invented in the 1930s [1, 2, 3] and commercialized [4] in the mid 20 th century as electrical instruments that are capable of extracting signal amplitudes and phases in ...

Fundamental to all wireless communications is modulation, the process of impressing the data to be transmitted on the radio carrier. Most wireless transmissions today are digital, and with the limited ...

Over last few decades, study of topological phases of matter in solid-state electron systems has been extended to other research field, including synthetic dimensions, and motivates extensive research ...

WHAT IS CARRIER PHASE? The obvious answer is: the phase of the carrier. But this is not helpful if you don’t know what a carrier is. A carrier is basically a harmonic electromagnetic wave — a pure ...

A standard single frequency AFM is comprised of a boron-doped silicon (Si) or silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4) cantilever with a length of a few micrometers and a single crystal diamond tip at the bottom of ...

One of the most powerful ways to maximize FM modulation is by peak clipping. Clipping off those peaks or the overshoots that wind up in a system can easily give an FM station 1 dB (20 percent) or more ...