The laser wavelength, pulse duration, and fluence (energy density) significantly influence the ablation process and the resulting plasma plume. Shorter wavelengths and higher fluences generally lead ...

Thin films play a crucial role in the fabrication of several components and devices, such as protective coatings, integrated circuits, solar cells, and optical ...

Scientists from India have researched the impact of different laser fabrication energy levels on the photovoltaic properties of bilayer thin films made of bismuth ferrite (BFO) and tungsten trioxide ...

Spin coating is a widely used technique for depositing thin, uniform films onto flat substrates. It involves the application of a liquid material onto a rotating substrate, which spreads the material ...

Dendritic structures that emerge during the growth of thin films are a major obstacle in large-area fabrication, a key step towards commercialization. However, current methods of studying dendrites ...