APDs (avalanche photodiodes) or APDs, are common components in laser-based fiber-optic systems for converting optical data into electrical form. The bias voltage and current measurement requirements ...

FET constant current sources use JFETs and MOSFETs to deliver a load current, which remains constant despite changes in load resistance or supply voltage. A FET constant current source is a type of ...

H-bridge buck-boost ICs are widely used in applications requiring a constant voltage or current source even when the system ...

The rules of the National Electrical Code are written for people who have a pre-existing knowledge of electricity. In order to make sense of the Code, you must first understand basic electrical ...

Troubleshooting refrigeration equipment often requires measuring various electrical properties such as voltages, current flows, and resistances. Understanding these basic electrical fundamentals and ...

This is the first of a two-part series on the processes used to find the short circuit current duties of circuit breakers and fuses. In Part 1, we’ll use a simplified power system to illustrate the ...

If a charged particle beam interacts with structures of different electric conductivity in a microelectronic circuit, this leads to local changes in the electric potential at its surface. In a ...

Current is a measure of how much electric charge flows through a circuit. The more charge that flows, the bigger the current. Current is measured in amperes. The symbol for ampere is A. For example, ...

Designers can make useful products that include electrical components close electrical componentA device in an electric circuit, such as a battery, switch or lamp.. They allow a product to have lights ...

I see techs in the field get the most frustrated when they have a low-voltage short they can’t seem to locate. The challenge techs face with low voltage diagnosis is a combination of poor process and ...